In recent years, Robotics has been rapidly developing with outstanding growth and innovation. This paper aims to analyze the key developments in the sub-domain of robotics such as medical robots, especially surgical robots. Surgical robots have evolved as a transformed force in the medical field in the way of performing complex surgical procedures. In this paper a comprehensive review of the latest trends, developments, and the challenges faced by the surgical robots and their instruments have been provided, including minimally invasive robotic surgery, telemedicine, remote surgery and robot-assisted surgery across various specialties in the medical field. This paper also provides the developments in surgical robots and their instruments in surgical precision, AI-driven decision support, and remote surgery capabilities, also provides the ability of surgical robots in the field of healthcare to address the challenges and enhance the specialized healthcare systems. This review offers a valuable resource for healthcare specialists, and researchers for gaining a better understanding of the evolution and the recent state of surgical robots and its impact on healthcare practices.